1 수능 문제지

한국교육과정평가원 대학수학능력시험 기출문제 웹사이트에서 PDF파일을 다운로드 받게 되면 2023년 수능 영어 기출문제를 다운로드 받을 수 있다.

코드

knitr::include_graphics("data/2023_3교시_영어영역_문제지/3교시_영어영역_문제지.pdf")

코드

knitr::include_graphics("data/2023_3교시_영어영역_문제지/3교시_영어영역_듣기평가대본.pdf")

코드

knitr::include_graphics("data/2023_3교시_영어영역_정답표.pdf")

2 챗GPT 선행작업

챗GPT 문제 풀이 및 정답 확인을 위해서 PDF, *.mp3 파일에 대한 준비작업을 수행한다. 이를 통해서 챗GPT에서 푼 문제에 대한 해답을 확인할 수 있다.

2.1 음원파일 정리

코드

library(tidyverse)

html_tag_audio <- function(file, type = c("mp3")) {
  type <- match.arg(type)
  htmltools::tags$audio(
    controls = "",
    htmltools::tags$source(
      src = file,
      type = glue::glue("audio/{type}", type = type)
    )
  )
}

mp3_path <- "data/2023_3교시_영어영역_듣기평가_음원/"

mp3_files <- fs::dir_ls(mp3_path)

mp3_audio <- mp3_files[!str_detect(mp3_files, "안내")]

# html_tag_audio("data/2023_3교시_영어영역_듣기평가_음원/01_문제 01.mp3", type = "mp3")

# for(i in seq_along(mp3_audio)) {
#   question <- str_remove(mp3_audio[i], 'data/2023_3교시_영어영역_듣기평가_음원/') %>% 
#   str_remove("^\\d{1,2}_")
#   cat(paste0("### ", question, " {.unnumbered}", "\n"))
#   
#   print(html_tag_audio(mp3_audio[i], type = "mp3"))
# }

2.2 듣기평가대본

코드

library(pdftools)
library(gsubfn)

sources <- pdftools::pdf_text(pdf = "data/2023_3교시_영어영역_문제지/3교시_영어영역_듣기평가대본.pdf")

# sources_squish <- map_chr(sources, str_squish)
# sources_clean <- map_chr(sources_squish, str_extract, pattern = "(\\d{1,2}\\.\\s+).*")
# map_chr(sources_clean, str_remove, pattern = "-\\s+\\d{1,2}\\s+-$")

replacement <- function(x) {
  if (x == "W:") {
    return("\n\nW:")
  } else if (x == "M:") {
    return("\n\nM:")
  }
}


sources_text <- map_chr(sources, str_squish) %>% 
  map_chr(str_extract, pattern = "(\\d{1,2}\\.\\s+).*") %>% 
  map_chr(str_remove, pattern = "-\\s+\\d{1,2}\\s+-$") %>% 
  map_chr(gsubfn, pattern = "(W:|M:)", replacement = replacement) %>% 
  map_chr(str_trim) %>% 
  map_chr(str_c, "\n")

# gsubfn("(W:|M:)", replacement, sources_text)
sources_text
##  [1] "1. 다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. \n\nM: Hello, Lockwood High School students. This is your school librarian, Mr. Wilkins. I’m sure you’re aware that our school librar y is hosting a bookmark design competition. I encourage students of all grades to par ticipate in the competition. The winning designs will be made into bookmarks, which will be distributed to librar y visitors. We’re also giving out a variety of other prizes. So don’t let this great oppor tunity slip away. Since the registration period for the bookmark design competition ends this Friday, make sure you visit our school librar y to submit your application. Come and par ticipate to display your creativity and talents.\n"                                                                                                                                                                                         
##  [2] "2. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. \n\nM: Honey, do you want some apples with breakfast? \n\nW: Sounds great. Can you save the apple peels for me? \n\nM: Why? What do you want them for? \n\nW: I’m going to use them to make a face pack. Apple peels are effective for improving skin condition. \n\nM: Where did you hear about that? \n\nW: I recently read an ar ticle about their benef its for our skin. \n\nM: Interesting. What’s in them? \n\nW: It said apple peels are rich in vitamins and minerals, so they moisturize our skin and enhance skin glow. \n\nM: That’s good to know. \n\nW: Also, they remove oil from our skin and have a cooling effect. \n\nM: Wow! Then I shouldn’t throw them away. \n\nW: Right. Apple peels can help improve our skin condition. \n\nM: I see. I’ll save them for you.\n"                                                                                           
##  [3] "3. 대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. \n\nW: Hello, Mr. Rober ts. I appreciate you taking the time to share your experience and knowledge. \n\nM: My pleasure, Ms. Lee. I’ve enjoyed all your bestselling books. So, I’m excited to help you. \n\nW: Thanks. Since I’m writing about world-class athletes, I wanted to hear how you’ve trained children who became Olympic swimming champions. \n\nM: Then we should star t with what I observe on the f irst day of my swimming classes. \n\nW: Do some children stand out right away? \n\nM: Yes. Some kids are able to pick up my instructions quickly and easily. \n\nW: I see. So did many of those kids go on to become Olympic champions? \n\nM: Well, practicing is much more impor tant. Those who consistently practiced made great improvements and ultimately became champions. \n\nW: This is good insight I can use in my book. \n\nM: I hope it helps.\n"
##  [4] "4. 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오. \n\nM: Hi, Jane. What are you looking at on your phone? \n\nW: Hi, Brian. It’s a picture I took at Grand Boulder National Park. I went hiking there last weekend. \n\nM: Let me see. I like the bear statue wearing the check patter n jacket. \n\nW: It’s cute, right? \n\nM: Yeah. There’s a park map between the lights. It seems to include useful infor mation. \n\nW: It helps me pick a different trail each time I go hiking. Do you see the two f lowerpots in front of the cabin? \n\nM: Yes. They look beautiful. Oh, there’s a round table by the path. \n\nW: I had lunch there. \n\nM: What a nice place to enjoy lunch! Look at the bird on the tree branch. \n\nW: Isn’t it lovely? I love going there and being close to nature.\n"                                                                                                                        
##  [5] "5. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. \n\nW: Honey, I’m so excited for our restaurant’s reopening event tomor row. \n\nM: So am I. Let’s see. We’ve ordered enough ingredients, right? \n\nW: I think so. We need to remind our loyal customers of the event. \n\nM: I already sent text messages. \n\nW: Good. I hope people like the new menu items that we added. \n\nM: Don’t worr y. We have a great chef. So I’m sure the new dishes will be a hit. \n\nW: What about the live music? Did you conf ir m the song list with the band? \n\nM: Not yet. And we also need to wrap wine glasses to give as gifts for the customers. \n\nW: Okay. Could you wrap them? \n\nM: Sure. I’ll do it now. \n\nW: Great! Then I’ll contact the band.\n"                                                                                                                                                                         
##  [6] "6. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. \n\nM: Hello, are you enjoying your time here at Magic Unicor n Children’s Far m? \n\nW: Yes, thank you. I’d like to buy some snacks to feed the animals. \n\nM: Sure. We sell two kinds of food for the animals, vegetable sticks and sliced fruits. \n\nW: How much do they cost? \n\nM: It’s $5 for a pack of vegetable sticks and $10 for a pack of sliced fruits. \n\nW: I’ll take four packs of vegetable sticks. Are there any other activities? \n\nM: We offer horseback riding. A ticket for a ride around the far m is $25. \n\nW: Oh, my son and daughter will love it. Two tickets, please. \n\nM: So, four packs of vegetable sticks and two horseback riding tickets, cor rect? \n\nW: Right. And I heard you’re offering a 10% discount as an autumn promotional event. \n\nM: I’m sorr y. That event ended last week. \n\nW: I see. Here’s my credit card.\n"                 
##  [7] "7. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 K-Trend Festival에 갈 수 없는 이유를 고르시오. \n\nW: Sam, do you want to go to the K-Trend Festival with me this Saturday? \n\nM: Hi, Olivia. Is that the festival held at Central Square? \n\nW: Yeah, that’s it. There’ll be many attractions including Taekwondo perfor mances that incorporate K-pop dance moves. \n\nM: Really? Sounds cool! What time does it star t? \n\nW: It star ts at 5 p.m. Will you be working at the movie theater at that time? \n\nM: No, I’m not working this Saturday. But I can’t come to the festival. \n\nW: Too bad. Do you have to study for your economics exam? \n\nM: Actually, I already took the exam yesterday. \n\nW: Then, what’s the matter? \n\nM: I have to take my younger sister to the airpor t on Saturday evening. \n\nW: Where’s she going? \n\nM: She’s going to Canada to study abroad. \n\nW: That’s awesome. I hope she has a good experience there.\n"  
##  [8] "8. 대화를 듣고, 졸업 사진 촬영에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. [Telephone rings.] \n\nW: Hello, Jennifer Por ter speaking. \n\nM: Hi, Ms. Por ter. This is Steve Jackson from Lifetime Photo Studio. \n\nW: Oh, how are you? \n\nM: Good. I’m scheduled to shoot your school’s graduation photos on Wednesday, November 23rd. So, I’m calling to conf ir m the details. \n\nW: Sure. As we previously discussed, the place will be Lily Pond Park. \n\nM: Okay. Could you tell me the exact number of students taking par t in the photo session? \n\nW: Let me check. [Pause] Well, it’ll be 180 students. \n\nM: I see. The same as you said before. \n\nW: That’s right. How long will it take to shoot the photos? \n\nM: It’ll take almost three hours. We should f inish by noon. \n\nW: Great. Is there any other infor mation you need? \n\nM: No, I’m all set. Bye.\n"                                                           
##  [9] "9. Greenville Houseplant Expo에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오. \n\nW: Hello, listeners. I’m Melinda Jones from the organizing committee of the Greenville Houseplant Expo. I’m here to announce that the expo will run for three days star ting on March 17th, 2023. Just on the opening day, there’ll be a lecture on plant care methods. This lecture will be given by Dr. Evans, host of the TV show Plants Love You. Most impor tantly, you can buy a variety of plants, including rare species, exhibited in the expo. Due to its popularity, you’d better get your tickets early. Tickets are available through online purchase only. If you’re a plant lover, come to the expo, which will take place at the Emerald Convention Center, and refresh your houseplant collection.\n"                                                                                                                                  
## [10] "10. 다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 여자가 구매할 첼로 케이스를 고르시오. \n\nM: Welcome to Uptown Music Shop. How can I help you? \n\nW: Hi, I’m looking for a hard cello case. \n\nM: All right. Here’s our catalog. These are the ones we have in stock. How much are you willing to spend? \n\nW: I can spend up to $200. \n\nM: Okay. How about the interior material? Do you have a preference? \n\nW: Well, I don’t want the velvet one. It seems diff icult to take care of. \n\nM: Right. Then how about the length? \n\nW: I have a full-size cello, so I want a case that’s at least 50 inches long. \n\nM: Now you have two options left. Do you need wheels on your case? \n\nW: No, I don’t need them. I won’t carr y it around a lot. \n\nM: Then this is the one for you. \n\nW: Thank you. I’ll take it.\n"                                                                                                                    
## [11] "11. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. \n\nM: Mom, I’d like to get a new bicycle helmet. Can you buy me one? \n\nW: I’ll buy you a new helmet if you need it. But what’s the problem with the one you have now? \n\nM: My helmet feels too tight. It hur ts my head. \n\nW:\n"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
## [12] "12. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. \n\nW: Honey, are you free on Saturday after noon? Our son said he’s going to a career fair and asked if we can come along. \n\nM: Great, I’m free. I’ve been wondering what kinds of emerging careers might suit him. \n\nW: Me, too. Then why don’t we join him? \n\nM:\n"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
## [13] "13. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] \n\nM: Can I come in, Professor Rossini? \n\nW: Of course. Come on in, Ben. What brings you here? \n\nM: I came to ask for advice on studying Italian. \n\nW: Is there anything specif ic you’re having trouble with? \n\nM: Yes. I’m experiencing diff iculty using words properly. Could I get some tips? \n\nW: Sure. First, let me ask how you use your dictionar y. \n\nM: Well, I use it to look up words that I don’t know the meanings of. \n\nW: Dictionaries provide example sentences for most words. Do you read them, too? \n\nM: No, I don’t pay attention to the example sentences. \n\nW: Knowing the meaning of words is impor tant, but you should also understand the context in which the words are properly used. \n\nM: I see. So you’re suggesting that I study the example sentences as well, right? \n\nW:\n"                
## [14] "14. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] \n\nW: Dad, I found these old photos of our camping trip from 25 years ago. \n\nM: Oh, I remember this trip. You were about the same age as your son, Peter. \n\nW: Right. It was a really fun trip. \n\nM: Yeah. I still go camping often, but that’s the most memorable one. \n\nW: I agree. I want Peter to have that experience, too. But he always refuses to go. \n\nM: Why doesn’t he want to go camping? \n\nW: He just wants to stay home and spend all his time on his smar tphone. \n\nM: Don’t worr y. I’m sure Peter will like camping once he experiences how fun it is. \n\nW: You’re probably right. Dad, when is the next time you’re going camping? \n\nM: This weekend. We should all go together. \n\nW: That’d be great. Peter might come as well if his favorite grandpa invites him. \n\nM:\n"                               
## [15] "15. 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Katie가 Jacob에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] \n\nM: Jacob just star ted volunteering at a nursing home and is planning his next visit. He recalls that not ever y resident in the nursing home enjoyed the activity he had prepared last time. To avoid this situation, he tries to f ind an activity that all residents in the nursing home can enjoy. But he can’t come up with one that ever yone would like. He asks his friend Katie for advice because she has lots of experience volunteering at a nursing home. Katie thinks there’s no single activity that can interest all the residents. So Katie wants to suggest to Jacob that next time he should plan more than one activity. In this situation, what would Katie most likely say to Jacob?\n"                                                                                                                                            
## [16] "16. 여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?\n"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
## [17] "17. 언급된 금속이 아닌 것은?\n"

3 PDF → 챗GPT 준비

3.1 음원과 대본

코드

for(i in seq_along(mp3_audio)) {
  
  question <- str_remove(mp3_audio[i], 'data/2023_3교시_영어영역_듣기평가_음원/') %>% 
  str_remove("^\\d{1,2}_") %>% 
    str_remove("\\.mp3")
  
  print(glue::glue("## {trimws(question, which='right')}", "{{.unnumbered}}", "\n"))
  
  print(html_tag_audio(mp3_audio[i], type = "mp3"))
  
  # print(cat("\n", str_remove(sources_text[i], "NULL$"), "\n\n\n"))
  # print("\n")
  print(glue::glue("{trimws(sources_text[i], which='right')} \n\n\n"))
}

문제 01

다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

M: Hello, Lockwood High School students. This is your school librarian, Mr. Wilkins. I’m sure you’re aware that our school librar y is hosting a bookmark design competition. I encourage students of all grades to par ticipate in the competition. The winning designs will be made into bookmarks, which will be distributed to librar y visitors. We’re also giving out a variety of other prizes. So don’t let this great oppor tunity slip away. Since the registration period for the bookmark design competition ends this Friday, make sure you visit our school librar y to submit your application. Come and par ticipate to display your creativity and talents.

문제 02

대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

M: Honey, do you want some apples with breakfast?

W: Sounds great. Can you save the apple peels for me?

M: Why? What do you want them for?

W: I’m going to use them to make a face pack. Apple peels are effective for improving skin condition.

M: Where did you hear about that?

W: I recently read an ar ticle about their benef its for our skin.

M: Interesting. What’s in them?

W: It said apple peels are rich in vitamins and minerals, so they moisturize our skin and enhance skin glow.

M: That’s good to know.

W: Also, they remove oil from our skin and have a cooling effect.

M: Wow! Then I shouldn’t throw them away.

W: Right. Apple peels can help improve our skin condition.

M: I see. I’ll save them for you.

문제 03

대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오.

W: Hello, Mr. Rober ts. I appreciate you taking the time to share your experience and knowledge.

M: My pleasure, Ms. Lee. I’ve enjoyed all your bestselling books. So, I’m excited to help you.

W: Thanks. Since I’m writing about world-class athletes, I wanted to hear how you’ve trained children who became Olympic swimming champions.

M: Then we should star t with what I observe on the f irst day of my swimming classes.

W: Do some children stand out right away?

M: Yes. Some kids are able to pick up my instructions quickly and easily.

W: I see. So did many of those kids go on to become Olympic champions?

M: Well, practicing is much more impor tant. Those who consistently practiced made great improvements and ultimately became champions.

W: This is good insight I can use in my book.

M: I hope it helps.

문제 04

대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

M: Hi, Jane. What are you looking at on your phone?

W: Hi, Brian. It’s a picture I took at Grand Boulder National Park. I went hiking there last weekend.

M: Let me see. I like the bear statue wearing the check patter n jacket.

W: It’s cute, right?

M: Yeah. There’s a park map between the lights. It seems to include useful infor mation.

W: It helps me pick a different trail each time I go hiking. Do you see the two f lowerpots in front of the cabin?

M: Yes. They look beautiful. Oh, there’s a round table by the path.

W: I had lunch there.

M: What a nice place to enjoy lunch! Look at the bird on the tree branch.

W: Isn’t it lovely? I love going there and being close to nature.

문제 05

대화를 듣고, 남자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

W: Honey, I’m so excited for our restaurant’s reopening event tomor row.

M: So am I. Let’s see. We’ve ordered enough ingredients, right?

W: I think so. We need to remind our loyal customers of the event.

M: I already sent text messages.

W: Good. I hope people like the new menu items that we added.

M: Don’t worr y. We have a great chef. So I’m sure the new dishes will be a hit.

W: What about the live music? Did you conf ir m the song list with the band?

M: Not yet. And we also need to wrap wine glasses to give as gifts for the customers.

W: Okay. Could you wrap them?

M: Sure. I’ll do it now.

W: Great! Then I’ll contact the band.

문제 06

대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오.

M: Hello, are you enjoying your time here at Magic Unicor n Children’s Far m?

W: Yes, thank you. I’d like to buy some snacks to feed the animals.

M: Sure. We sell two kinds of food for the animals, vegetable sticks and sliced fruits.

W: How much do they cost?

M: It’s $5 for a pack of vegetable sticks and $10 for a pack of sliced fruits.

W: I’ll take four packs of vegetable sticks. Are there any other activities?

M: We offer horseback riding. A ticket for a ride around the far m is $25.

W: Oh, my son and daughter will love it. Two tickets, please.

M: So, four packs of vegetable sticks and two horseback riding tickets, cor rect?

W: Right. And I heard you’re offering a 10% discount as an autumn promotional event.

M: I’m sorr y. That event ended last week.

W: I see. Here’s my credit card.

문제 07

대화를 듣고, 남자가 K-Trend Festival에 갈 수 없는 이유를 고르시오.

W: Sam, do you want to go to the K-Trend Festival with me this Saturday?

M: Hi, Olivia. Is that the festival held at Central Square?

W: Yeah, that’s it. There’ll be many attractions including Taekwondo perfor mances that incorporate K-pop dance moves.

M: Really? Sounds cool! What time does it star t?

W: It star ts at 5 p.m. Will you be working at the movie theater at that time?

M: No, I’m not working this Saturday. But I can’t come to the festival.

W: Too bad. Do you have to study for your economics exam?

M: Actually, I already took the exam yesterday.

W: Then, what’s the matter?

M: I have to take my younger sister to the airpor t on Saturday evening.

W: Where’s she going?

M: She’s going to Canada to study abroad.

W: That’s awesome. I hope she has a good experience there.

문제 08

대화를 듣고, 졸업 사진 촬영에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. [Telephone rings.]

W: Hello, Jennifer Por ter speaking.

M: Hi, Ms. Por ter. This is Steve Jackson from Lifetime Photo Studio.

W: Oh, how are you?

M: Good. I’m scheduled to shoot your school’s graduation photos on Wednesday, November 23rd. So, I’m calling to conf ir m the details.

W: Sure. As we previously discussed, the place will be Lily Pond Park.

M: Okay. Could you tell me the exact number of students taking par t in the photo session?

W: Let me check. [Pause] Well, it’ll be 180 students.

M: I see. The same as you said before.

W: That’s right. How long will it take to shoot the photos?

M: It’ll take almost three hours. We should f inish by noon.

W: Great. Is there any other infor mation you need?

M: No, I’m all set. Bye.

문제 09

Greenville Houseplant Expo에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

W: Hello, listeners. I’m Melinda Jones from the organizing committee of the Greenville Houseplant Expo. I’m here to announce that the expo will run for three days star ting on March 17th, 2023. Just on the opening day, there’ll be a lecture on plant care methods. This lecture will be given by Dr. Evans, host of the TV show Plants Love You. Most impor tantly, you can buy a variety of plants, including rare species, exhibited in the expo. Due to its popularity, you’d better get your tickets early. Tickets are available through online purchase only. If you’re a plant lover, come to the expo, which will take place at the Emerald Convention Center, and refresh your houseplant collection.

문제 10

다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 여자가 구매할 첼로 케이스를 고르시오.

M: Welcome to Uptown Music Shop. How can I help you?

W: Hi, I’m looking for a hard cello case.

M: All right. Here’s our catalog. These are the ones we have in stock. How much are you willing to spend?

W: I can spend up to $200.

M: Okay. How about the interior material? Do you have a preference?

W: Well, I don’t want the velvet one. It seems diff icult to take care of.

M: Right. Then how about the length?

W: I have a full-size cello, so I want a case that’s at least 50 inches long.

M: Now you have two options left. Do you need wheels on your case?

W: No, I don’t need them. I won’t carr y it around a lot.

M: Then this is the one for you.

W: Thank you. I’ll take it.

문제 11

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

M: Mom, I’d like to get a new bicycle helmet. Can you buy me one?

W: I’ll buy you a new helmet if you need it. But what’s the problem with the one you have now?

M: My helmet feels too tight. It hur ts my head.

문제 12

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

W: Honey, are you free on Saturday after noon? Our son said he’s going to a career fair and asked if we can come along.

M: Great, I’m free. I’ve been wondering what kinds of emerging careers might suit him.

W: Me, too. Then why don’t we join him?

문제 13

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

M: Can I come in, Professor Rossini?

W: Of course. Come on in, Ben. What brings you here?

M: I came to ask for advice on studying Italian.

W: Is there anything specif ic you’re having trouble with?

M: Yes. I’m experiencing diff iculty using words properly. Could I get some tips?

W: Sure. First, let me ask how you use your dictionar y.

M: Well, I use it to look up words that I don’t know the meanings of.

W: Dictionaries provide example sentences for most words. Do you read them, too?

M: No, I don’t pay attention to the example sentences.

W: Knowing the meaning of words is impor tant, but you should also understand the context in which the words are properly used.

M: I see. So you’re suggesting that I study the example sentences as well, right?

문제 14

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

W: Dad, I found these old photos of our camping trip from 25 years ago.

M: Oh, I remember this trip. You were about the same age as your son, Peter.

W: Right. It was a really fun trip.

M: Yeah. I still go camping often, but that’s the most memorable one.

W: I agree. I want Peter to have that experience, too. But he always refuses to go.

M: Why doesn’t he want to go camping?

W: He just wants to stay home and spend all his time on his smar tphone.

M: Don’t worr y. I’m sure Peter will like camping once he experiences how fun it is.

W: You’re probably right. Dad, when is the next time you’re going camping?

M: This weekend. We should all go together.

W: That’d be great. Peter might come as well if his favorite grandpa invites him.

문제 15

다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Katie가 Jacob에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

M: Jacob just star ted volunteering at a nursing home and is planning his next visit. He recalls that not ever y resident in the nursing home enjoyed the activity he had prepared last time. To avoid this situation, he tries to f ind an activity that all residents in the nursing home can enjoy. But he can’t come up with one that ever yone would like. He asks his friend Katie for advice because she has lots of experience volunteering at a nursing home. Katie thinks there’s no single activity that can interest all the residents. So Katie wants to suggest to Jacob that next time he should plan more than one activity. In this situation, what would Katie most likely say to Jacob?

문제 16~17

여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

3.2 문제

코드

# ! pip install pymupdf

import fitz

problem_file="data/2023_3교시_영어영역_문제지/3교시_영어영역_문제지.pdf"

problem_list = []

with fitz.open(problem_file) as doc:
  for page in doc:
    page_text = page.get_text()
    problem_list.append(page_text)

# problem_list

코드

library(reticulate)
library(gt)

# str_split(py$problem_list[1], "(?=\\b\\d{1,2}\\b\\.)")
problems_split <- map(py$problem_list, str_split, pattern = "\n(?=\\b\\d{1,2}\\.\\s+?\\b)") %>% 
  unlist %>% map_chr(str_trim)

problems_tbl <- problems_split[str_detect(problems_split, pattern = "^(?=\\b\\d{1,2}\\.\\s+?\\b)")] %>% 
  enframe(name = "문항", value = "문제")

3.2.1 홀수형

코드

problems_odd <- problems_tbl %>% 
  filter(문항 <= 45) 

for( i in 1:nrow(problems_odd)) {
  
  print(glue::glue("### 문제 {trimws(problems_odd$문항[i], which='right')}", "{{.unnumbered}}", "\n"))

  print(glue::glue("{problems_odd$문제[i]} \n\n\n"))
  
}

문제 1

다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① 도서관의 변경된 운영 시간을 안내하려고 ② 독후감 쓰기 대회의 일정을 공지하려고 ③ 책갈피 디자인 대회 참가를 독려하려고 ④ 기한 내 도서 반납을 촉구하려고 ⑤ 전자책 이용 방법을 설명하려고

문제 2

대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① 사과를 먹으면 장운동이 원활해진다. ② 사과 껍질은 피부 상태 개선에 도움이 된다. ③ 충분한 수면은 건강한 피부 유지에 필수적이다. ④ 사과를 먹기 전에 껍질을 깨끗이 씻어야 한다. ⑤ 주기적인 수분 섭취는 피부 노화를 늦춘다.

문제 3

대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. ① 평론가 － 영화감독 ② 심판 － 수영 선수 ③ 작가 － 수영 코치 ④ 서점 주인 － 유치원 교사 ⑤ 잡지사 편집장 － 광고주

문제 4

대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

문제 5

대화를 듣고, 남자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① 음식 재료 주문하기 ② 와인 잔 포장하기 ③ 추가 메뉴 선정하기 ④ 초대 문자 메시지 보내기 ⑤ 노래 목록 확인하기

문제 6

대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. ① $55 ② $63 ③ $70 ④ $81 ⑤ $90

문제 7

대화를 듣고, 남자가 K-Trend Festival에 갈 수 없는 이유를 고르시오. ① 영화관에서 일해야 해서 ② 유학 설명회에 참석해야 해서 ③ 경제학 시험공부를 해야 해서 ④ 태권도 시합에 출전해야 해서 ⑤ 동생을 공항에 데려다줘야 해서

문제 8

대화를 듣고, 졸업 사진 촬영에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. ① 날짜 ② 장소 ③ 복장 ④ 참여 학생 수 ⑤ 소요 시간

문제 9

Greenville Houseplant Expo에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오. ① 3일 동안 진행될 것이다. ② 식물 관리 방법에 관한 강의가 매일 있을 것이다. ③ 희귀종을 포함한 다양한 식물을 구입할 수 있다. ④ 티켓 구입은 온라인으로만 가능하다. ⑤ 에메랄드 컨벤션 센터에서 열릴 것이다.

문제 10

다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 여자가 구매할 첼로 케이스를 고르시오. Hard Cello Cases Model Price Interior Material Length (inches) Wheels ① A $140 Nylon 51 ☓ ② B $160 Cotton 49 ◯ ③ C $175 Velvet 53 ☓ ④ D $190 Cotton 52 ◯ ⑤ E $215 Cotton 55 ☓

문제 11

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① Never mind. I’m selling my old helmet. ② All right. I’ll buy a bigger one that fits you. ③ No way. You should not ride a bicycle at night. ④ Great. I think it matches your bicycle perfectly. ⑤ No. We don’t have to worry about the tight schedule.

문제 12

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① Okay. Let’s go and look at his career options together. ② Don’t worry. There’s no admission fee for the fair. ③ Too bad. The career fair doesn’t suit my purpose. ④ Why not? He can join the firm as a freelancer. ⑤ Awesome! Good luck with your new career. 2023학년도 대학수학능력시험 문제지 1 제 3 교시 홀수형 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 13

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] Woman: ① Not really. It’s better to speak in simple sentences. ② Yes. Try to memorize words by learning the root words. ③ That’s right. I’m glad you’ve studied the proper examples. ④ Exactly. That way you can use the proper words in context. ⑤ I don’t think so. Always use an Italian-to-Italian dictionary.

문제 14

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] Man: ① I had the photos from our trip printed out yesterday. ② The problem is that I already put out the campfire. ③ I gladly accept his invitation to the fishing camp. ④ Then I’ll ask him to come with me on this trip. ⑤ Remember not to set up your tent near a river.

문제 15

다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Katie가 Jacob에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] Katie: ① You should check how many nursing homes there are. ② Why don’t you reuse the activity you prepared last time? ③ How about preparing multiple activities for your next visit? ④ You need to gain more practical knowledge about nursing. ⑤ You’d better speak to the residents of the neighborhood. [16～17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

문제 16

여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? ① how metals advanced human civilization ② how techniques applied to metals improved ③ where most precious metals originated from ④ why metals were used in the fashion industry ⑤ why ancient civilizations competed for metals

문제 17

언급된 금속이 아닌 것은? ① gold ② silver ③ iron ④ aluminum ⑤ nickel

문제 18

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? To whom it may concern, My name is Michael Brown. I have been a bird-watcher since childhood. I have always enjoyed watching birds in my yard and identifying them by sight and sound. Yesterday, I happened to read an article about your club. I was surprised and excited to find out about a community of passionate bird-watchers who travel annually to go birding. I would love to join your club, but your website appears to be under construction. I could not find any information except for this contact email address. I would like to know how to sign up for the club. I look forward to your reply. Sincerely, Michael Brown ① 조류 관찰 클럽에 가입하는 방법을 문의하려고 ② 조류 관찰 시 주의해야 할 사항을 전달하려고 ③ 조류 관찰 협회의 새로운 규정을 확인하려고 ④ 조류 관찰과 관련된 웹 사이트를 소개하려고 ⑤ 조류 관찰 시 필요한 장비를 알아보려고

문제 19

다음 글에 드러난 Jamie의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은? Putting all of her energy into her last steps of the running race, Jamie crossed the finish line. To her disappointment, she had failed to beat her personal best time, again. Jamie had pushed herself for months to finally break her record, but it was all for nothing. Recognizing how she felt about her failure, Ken, her teammate, approached her and said, “Jamie, even though you didn’t set a personal best time today, your performances have improved dramatically. Your running skills have progressed so much! You’ll definitely break your personal best time in the next race!” After hearing his comments, she felt confident about herself. Jamie, now motivated to keep pushing for her goal, replied with a smile. “You’re right! Next race, I’ll beat my best time for sure!” ① indifferent → regretful ② pleased → bored ③ frustrated → encouraged ④ nervous → fearful ⑤ calm → excited

문제 20

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? At every step in our journey through life we encounter junctions with many different pathways leading into the distance. Each choice involves uncertainty about which path will get you to your destination. Trusting our intuition to make the choice often ends up with us making a suboptimal choice. Turning the uncertainty into numbers has proved a potent way of analyzing the paths and finding the shortcut to your destination. The mathematical theory of probability hasn’t eliminated risk, but it allows us to manage that risk more effectively. The strategy is to analyze all the possible scenarios that the future holds and then to see what proportion of them lead to success or failure. This gives you a much better map of the future on which to base your decisions about which path to choose.

junction: 분기점 ** suboptimal: 차선의 ① 성공적인 삶을 위해 미래에 대한 구체적인 계획을 세워야 한다. ② 중요한 결정을 내릴 때에는 자신의 직관에 따라 판단해야 한다. ③ 더 나은 선택을 위해 성공 가능성을 확률적으로 분석해야 한다. ④ 빠른 목표 달성을 위해 지름길로 가고자 할 때 신중해야 한다. ⑤ 인생의 여정에서 선택에 따른 결과를 스스로 책임져야 한다. 이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다. 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 21

밑줄 친 make oneself public to oneself 가 다음 글에서 의미 하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] Coming of age in the 18th and 19th centuries, the personal diary became a centerpiece in the construction of a modern subjectivity, at the heart of which is the application of reason and critique to the understanding of world and self, which allowed the creation of a new kind of knowledge. Diaries were central media through which enlightened and free subjects could be constructed. They provided a space where one could write daily about her whereabouts, feelings, and thoughts. Over time and with rereading, disparate entries, events, and happenstances could be rendered into insights and narratives about the self, and allowed for the formation of subjectivity. It is in that context that the idea of “the self [as] both made and explored with words” emerges. Diaries were personal and private; one would write for oneself, or, in Habermas’s formulation, one would make oneself public to oneself. By making the self public in a private sphere, the self also became an object for self-inspection and self-critique.

disparate: 이질적인 ** render: 만들다 ① use writing as a means of reflecting on oneself ② build one’s identity by reading others’ diaries ③ exchange feedback in the process of writing ④ create an alternate ego to present to others ⑤ develop topics for writing about selfhood

문제 22

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? Urban delivery vehicles can be adapted to better suit the density of urban distribution, which often involves smaller vehicles such as vans, including bicycles. The latter have the potential to become a preferred ‘last-mile’ vehicle, particularly in high-density and congested areas. In locations where bicycle use is high, such as the Netherlands, delivery bicycles are also used to carry personal cargo (e.g. groceries). Due to their low acquisition and maintenance costs, cargo bicycles convey much potential in developed and developing countries alike, such as the becak (a three-wheeled bicycle) in Indonesia. Services using electrically assisted delivery tricycles have been successfully implemented in France and are gradually being adopted across Europe for services as varied as parcel and catering deliveries. Using bicycles as cargo vehicles is particularly encouraged when combined with policies that restrict motor vehicle access to specific areas of a city, such as downtown or commercial districts, or with the extension of dedicated bike lanes. ① 도시에서 자전거는 효율적인 배송 수단으로 사용될 수 있다. ② 자전거는 출퇴근 시간을 줄이기 위한 대안으로 선호되고 있다. ③ 자전거는 배송 수단으로의 경제적 장단점을 모두 가질 수 있다. ④ 수요자의 요구에 부합하는 다양한 용도의 자전거가 개발되고 있다. ⑤ 세계 각국에서는 전기 자전거 사용을 장려하는 정책을 추진하고 있다.

문제 23

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] An important advantage of disclosure, as opposed to more aggressive forms of regulation, is its flexibility and respect for the operation of free markets. Regulatory mandates are blunt swords; they tend to neglect diversity and may have serious unintended adverse effects. For example, energy efficiency requirements for appliances may produce goods that work less well or that have characteristics that consumers do not want. Information provision, by contrast, respects freedom of choice. If automobile manufacturers are required to measure and publicize the safety characteristics of cars, potential car purchasers can trade safety concerns against other attributes, such as price and styling. If restaurant customers are informed of the calories in their meals, those who want to lose weight can make use of the information, leaving those who are unconcerned about calories unaffected. Disclosure does not interfere with, and should even promote, the autonomy (and quality) of individual decision-making.

mandate: 명령 ** adverse: 거스르는 *** autonomy: 자율성 ① steps to make public information accessible to customers ② benefits of publicizing information to ensure free choices ③ strategies for companies to increase profits in a free market ④ necessities of identifying and analyzing current industry trends ⑤ effects of diversified markets on reasonable customer choices

문제 24

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? Different parts of the brain’s visual system get information on a need-to-know basis. Cells that help your hand muscles reach out to an object need to know the size and location of the object, but they don’t need to know about color. They need to know a little about shape, but not in great detail. Cells that help you recognize people’s faces need to be extremely sensitive to details of shape, but they can pay less attention to location. It is natural to assume that anyone who sees an object sees everything about it ― the shape, color, location, and movement. However, one part of your brain sees its shape, another sees color, another detects location, and another perceives movement. Consequently, after localized brain damage, it is possible to see certain aspects of an object and not others. Centuries ago, people found it difficult to imagine how someone could see an object without seeing what color it is. Even today, you might find it surprising to learn about people who see an object without seeing where it is, or see it without seeing whether it is moving. ① Visual Systems Never Betray Our Trust! ② Secret Missions of Color-Sensitive Brain Cells ③ Blind Spots: What Is Still Unknown About the Brain ④ Why Brain Cells Exemplify Nature’s Recovery Process ⑤ Separate and Independent: Brain Cells’ Visual Perceptions 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 25

다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? The above graph shows the percentages of Americans’ preferred type of place to live by age group, based on a 2020 survey. ① In each of the three age groups, Town/Rural Area was the most preferred type of place to live. ② In the 18-34 year-olds group, the percentage of those who preferred Big/Small City was higher than that of those who preferred Suburb of Big/Small City. ③ In the 35-54 year-olds group, the percentage of those who preferred Suburb of Big/Small City exceeded that of those who preferred Big/Small City. ④ In the 55 year-olds and older group, the percentage of those who chose Big/Small City among the three preferred types of place to live was the lowest. ⑤ Each percentage of the three preferred types of place to live was higher than 20% across the three age groups.

문제 26

Niklas Luhmann에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? Niklas Luhmann, a renowned sociologist of the twentieth century, was born in Lüneburg, Germany in 1927. After World War II, he studied law at the University of Freiburg until 1949. Early in his career, he worked for the State of Lower Saxony, where he was in charge of educational reform. In 1960—1961, Luhmann had the chance to study sociology at Harvard University, where he was influenced by Talcott Parsons, one of the most famous social system theorists. Later, Luhmann developed his own social system theory. In 1968, he became a professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld. He researched a variety of subjects, including mass media and law. Although his books are known to be difficult to translate, they have in fact been widely translated into other languages. ① 제2차 세계 대전 이후에 법을 공부했다. ② State of Lower Saxony에서 교육 개혁을 담당했다. ③ Harvard University에 있을 때 Talcott Parsons의 영향을 받았다. ④ 다양한 주제에 관해 연구했다. ⑤ 그의 책은 번역하기가 쉽다고 알려져 있다.

문제 27

다음 Renovation Notice의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? ① 보수 공사는 2022년 11월 21일에 시작된다. ② 보수 공사는 주말에만 진행될 것이다. ③ 체육관과 실내 수영장은 폐쇄될 것이다. ④ 모든 야외 레저 활동은 평소와 같이 가능할 것이다. ⑤ 손님은 무료로 테니스장을 이용할 수 있다.

문제 28

2022 Valestown Recycles Poster Contest에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은? ① Valestown의 모든 학생들이 참여할 수 있다. ② 참가자는 포스터의 주제 선정에 제약을 받지 않는다. ③ 출품할 파일 양식은 자유롭게 선택 가능하다. ④ 심사 기준에 창의성이 포함된다. ⑤ 1인당 출품할 수 있는 포스터의 수에는 제한이 없다. Renovation Notice At the Natural Jade Resort, we are continually improving our facilities to better serve our guests. Therefore, we will be renovating some areas of the resort, according to the schedule below. Renovation Period: November 21 to December 18, 2022 ∙Renovations will take place every day from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Areas to be Closed: Gym and indoor swimming pool Further Information ∙All outdoor leisure activities will be available as usual. ∙Guests will receive a 15% discount for all meals in the restaurant. ∙Guests may use the tennis courts for free. We will take all possible measures to minimize noise and any other inconvenience. We sincerely appreciate your understanding. 2022 Valestown Recycles Poster Contest Join this year’s Valestown Recycles Poster Contest and show off your artistic talent! Guidelines 󰠂 Participation is only for high school students in Valestown. 󰠂 Participants should use the theme of “Recycling for the Future.” Submission Format 󰠂 File type: PDF only 󰠂 Maximum file size: 40MB Judging Criteria 󰠂 Use of theme 󰠂 Creativity 󰠂 Artistic skill Details 󰠂 Submissions are limited to one poster per person. 󰠂 Submissions should be uploaded to the website by 6 p.m., December 19. 󰠂 Winners will be announced on the website on December 28. For more information, please visit www.vtco.org. 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 29

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? Trends constantly suggest new opportunities for individuals to restage themselves, representing occasions for change. To understand how trends can ultimately give individuals power and freedom, one must first discuss fashion’s importance as a basis for change. The most common explanation offered by my informants as to why fashion is so appealing is ① that it constitutes a kind of theatrical costumery. Clothes are part of how people present ② them to the world, and fashion locates them in the present, relative to what is happening in society and to fashion’s own history. As a form of expression, fashion contains a host of ambiguities, enabling individuals to recreate the meanings ③ associated with specific pieces of clothing. Fashion is among the simplest and cheapest methods of self-expression: clothes can be ④ inexpensively purchased while making it easy to convey notions of wealth, intellectual stature, relaxation or environmental consciousness, even if none of these is true. Fashion can also strengthen agency in various ways, ⑤ opening up space for action.

stature: 능력

문제 30

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점] Everywhere we turn we hear about almighty “cyberspace”! The hype promises that we will leave our boring lives, put on goggles and body suits, and enter some metallic, three-dimensional, multimedia otherworld. When the Industrial Revolution arrived with its great innovation, the motor, we didn’t leave our world to go to some ① remote motorspace! On the contrary, we brought the motors into our lives, as automobiles, refrigerators, drill presses, and pencil sharpeners. This ② absorption has been so complete that we refer to all these tools with names that declare their usage, not their “motorness.” These innovations led to a major socioeconomic movement precisely because they entered and ③ affected profoundly our everyday lives. People have not changed fundamentally in thousands of years. Technology changes constantly. It’s the one that must ④ adapt to us. That’s exactly what will happen with information technology and its devices under human-centric computing. The longer we continue to believe that computers will take us to a magical new world, the longer we will ⑤ maintain their natural fusion with our lives, the hallmark of every major movement that aspires to be called a socioeconomic revolution.

hype: 과대광고 ** hallmark: 특징 [31～34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

문제 31

There is something deeply paradoxical about the professional status of sports journalism, especially in the medium of print. In discharging their usual responsibilities of description and commentary, reporters’ accounts of sports events are eagerly consulted by sports fans, while in their broader journalistic role of covering sport in its many forms, sports journalists are among the most visible of all contemporary writers. The ruminations of the elite class of ‘celebrity’ sports journalists are much sought after by the major newspapers, their lucrative contracts being the envy of colleagues in other ‘disciplines’ of journalism. Yet sports journalists do not have a standing in their profession that corresponds to the size of their readerships or of their pay packets, with the old saying (now reaching the status of cliché) that sport is the ‘toy department of the news media’ still readily to hand as a dismissal of the worth of what sports journalists do. This reluctance to take sports journalism seriously produces the paradoxical outcome that sports newspaper writers are much read but little .

discharge: 이행하다 ** rumination: 생각 *** lucrative: 돈을 많이 버는 ① paid ② admired ③ censored ④ challenged ⑤ discussed

문제 32

People have always wanted to be around other people and to learn from them. Cities have long been dynamos of social possibility, foundries of art, music, and fashion. Slang, or, if you prefer, “lexical innovation,” has always started in cities ― an outgrowth of all those different people so frequently exposed to one another. It spreads outward, in a manner not unlike trans- missible disease, which itself typically “takes off” in cities. If, as the noted linguist Leonard Bloomfield argued, the way a person talks is a “composite result of what he has heard before,” then language innovation would happen where the most people heard and talked to the most other people. Cities drive taste change because they , who not surprisingly are often the creative people cities seem to attract. Media, ever more global, ever more far-reaching, spread language faster to more people.

foundry: 주물 공장 ** lexical: 어휘의 ① provide rich source materials for artists ② offer the greatest exposure to other people ③ cause cultural conflicts among users of slang ④ present ideal research environments to linguists ⑤ reduce the social mobility of ambitious outsiders 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 33

The entrance to a honeybee colony, often referred to as the dancefloor, is a market place for information about the state of the colony and the environment outside the hive. Studying interactions on the dancefloor provides us with a number of illustrative examples of how individuals changing their own behavior in response to local information . For example, upon returning to their hive honeybees that have collected water search out a receiver bee to unload their water to within the hive. If this search time is short then the returning bee is more likely to perform a waggle dance to recruit others to the water source. Conversely, if this search time is long then the bee is more likely to give up collecting water. Since receiver bees will only accept water if they require it, either for themselves or to pass on to other bees and brood, this unloading time is correlated with the colony’s overall need of water. Thus the individual water forager’s response to unloading time (up or down) regulates water collection in response to the colony’s need. [3점]

brood: 애벌레 ** forager: 조달자 ① allow the colony to regulate its workforce ② search for water sources by measuring distance ③ decrease the colony’s workload when necessary ④ divide tasks according to their respective talents ⑤ train workers to acquire basic communication patterns

문제 34

We understand that the segregation of our consciousness into present, past, and future is both a fiction and an oddly self-referential framework; your present was part of your mother’s future, and your children’s past will be in part your present. Nothing is generally wrong with structuring our consciousness of time in this conventional manner, and it often works well enough. In the case of climate change, however, the sharp division of time into past, present, and future has been desperately misleading and has, most importantly, hidden from view the extent of the responsibility of those of us alive now. The narrowing of our consciousness of time smooths the way to divorcing ourselves from responsibility for developments in the past and the future with which our lives are in fact deeply intertwined. In the climate case, it is not that . It is that the realities are obscured from view by the partitioning of time, and so questions of responsibility toward the past and future do not arise naturally. [3점]

segregation: 분리 ** intertwine: 뒤얽히게 하다 *** obscure: 흐릿하게 하다 ① all our efforts prove to be effective and are thus encouraged ② sufficient scientific evidence has been provided to us ③ future concerns are more urgent than present needs ④ our ancestors maintained a different frame of time ⑤ we face the facts but then deny our responsibility

문제 35

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? Actors, singers, politicians and countless others recognise the power of the human voice as a means of communication beyond the simple decoding of the words that are used. Learning to control your voice and use it for different purposes is, therefore, one of the most important skills to develop as an early career teacher. ① The more confidently you give instructions, the higher the chance of a positive class response. ② There are times when being able to project your voice loudly will be very useful when working in school, and knowing that you can cut through a noisy classroom, dinner hall or playground is a great skill to have. ③ In order to address serious noise issues in school, students, parents and teachers should search for a solution together. ④ However, I would always advise that you use your loudest voice incredibly sparingly and avoid shouting as much as possible. ⑤ A quiet, authoritative and measured tone has so much more impact than slightly panicked shouting. [36～37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

문제 36

A fascinating species of water flea exhibits a kind of flexibility that evolutionary biologists call adaptive plasticity.

That’s a clever trick, because producing spines and a helmet is costly, in terms of energy, and conserving energy is essential for an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce. The water flea only expends the energy needed to produce spines and a helmet when it needs to.
If the baby water flea is developing into an adult in water that includes the chemical signatures of creatures that prey on water fleas, it develops a helmet and spines to defend itself against predators. If the water around it doesn’t include the chemical signatures of predators, the water flea doesn’t develop these protective devices.
So it may well be that this plasticity is an adaptation: a trait that came to exist in a species because it contributed to reproductive fitness. There are many cases, across many species, of adaptive plasticity. Plasticity is conducive to fitness if there is sufficient variation in the environment.

spine: 가시 돌기 ** conducive: 도움되는 ① (A) － (C) － (B) ② (B) － (A) － (C) ③ (B) － (C) － (A) ④ (C) － (A) － (B) ⑤ (C) － (B) － (A) 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 37

The most commonly known form of results-based pricing is a practice called contingency pricing, used by lawyers.

Therefore, only an outcome in the client’s favor is compensated. From the client’s point of view, the pricing makes sense in part because most clients in these cases are unfamiliar with and possibly intimidated by law firms. Their biggest fears are high fees for a case that may take years to settle.
By using contingency pricing, clients are ensured that they pay no fees until they receive a settlement. In these and other instances of contingency pricing, the economic value of the service is hard to determine before the service, and providers develop a price that allows them to share the risks and rewards of delivering value to the buyer.
Contingency pricing is the major way that personal injury and certain consumer cases are billed. In this approach, lawyers do not receive fees or payment until the case is settled, when they are paid a percentage of the money that the client receives. [3점]

intimidate: 위협하다 ① (A) － (C) － (B) ② (B) － (A) － (C) ③ (B) － (C) － (A) ④ (C) － (A) － (B) ⑤ (C) － (B) － (A) [38～39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

문제 38

There’s a reason for that: traditionally, park designers attempted to create such a feeling by planting tall trees at park boundaries, building stone walls, and constructing other means of partition. Parks take the shape demanded by the cultural concerns of their time. Once parks are in place, they are no inert stage ― their purposes and meanings are made and remade by planners and by park users. Moments of park creation are particularly telling, however, for they reveal and actualize ideas about nature and its relationship to urban society. ( ① ) Indeed, what distinguishes a park from the broader category of public space is the representation of nature that parks are meant to embody. ( ② ) Public spaces include parks, concrete plazas, sidewalks, even indoor atriums. ( ③ ) Parks typically have trees, grass, and other plants as their central features. ( ④ ) When entering a city park, people often imagine a sharp separation from streets, cars, and buildings. ( ⑤ ) What’s behind this idea is not only landscape architects’ desire to design aesthetically suggestive park spaces, but a much longer history of Western thought that envisions cities and nature as antithetical spaces and oppositional forces.

aesthetically: 미적으로 ** antithetical: 대조적인

문제 39

It may be easier to reach an agreement when settlement terms don’t have to be implemented until months in the future. Negotiators should try to find ways to slice a large issue into smaller pieces, known as using salami tactics. ( ① ) Issues that can be expressed in quantitative, measurable units are easy to slice. ( ② ) For example, compensation demands can be divided into cents-per-hour increments or lease rates can be quoted as dollars per square foot. ( ③ ) When working to fractionate issues of principle or precedent, parties may use the time horizon (when the principle goes into effect or how long it will last) as a way to fractionate the issue. ( ④ ) Another approach is to vary the number of ways that the principle may be applied. ( ⑤ ) For example, a company may devise a family emergency leave plan that allows employees the opportunity to be away from the company for a period of no longer than three hours, and no more than once a month, for illness in the employee’s immediate family. [3점]

increment: 증가 ** fractionate: 세분하다

문제 40

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? “Craftsmanship” may suggest a way of life that declined with the arrival of industrial society ― but this is misleading. Craftsmanship names an enduring, basic human impulse, the desire to do a job well for its own sake. Craftsmanship cuts a far wider swath than skilled manual labor; it serves the computer programmer, the doctor, and the artist; parenting improves when it is practiced as a skilled craft, as does citizenship. In all these domains, craftsmanship focuses on objective standards, on the thing in itself. Social and economic conditions, however, often stand in the way of the craftsman’s discipline and commitment: schools may fail to provide the tools to do good work, and workplaces may not truly value the aspiration for quality. And though craftsmanship can reward an individual with a sense of pride in work, this reward is not simple. The craftsman often faces conflicting objective standards of excellence; the desire to do something well for its own sake can be weakened by competitive pressure, by frustration, or by obsession.

swath: 구획 󰀻 Craftsmanship, a human desire that has

over time in diverse contexts, often encounters factors that
its full development.
① persisted …limit ② persisted …cultivate ③ evolved …accelerate ④ diminished …shape ⑤ diminished …restrict 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 41

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? ① The Power of Simple Formulas in Decision Making ② Always Prioritise: Tips for Managing Big Data ③ Algorithms’ Mistakes: The Myth of Simplicity ④ Be Prepared! Make a Checklist Just in Case ⑤ How Human Judgement Beats Algorithms

문제 42

밑줄 친 (a)～(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e) [43～45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

“Hailey, be careful!” Camila yelled uneasily, watching her sister carrying a huge cake to the table. “Don’t worry, Camila,” Hailey responded, smiling. Camila relaxed only when Hailey had safely placed the cake on the party table. “Dad will be here shortly. What gift did (a) you buy for his birthday?” Camila asked out of interest. “Dad will be surprised to find out what it is!” Hailey answered with a wink.
“Dad, these glasses can help correct your red-green color blindness,” said Hailey. He slowly put them on, and stared at the birthday presents on the table. Seeing vivid red and green colors for the first time ever, he started to cry. “Incredible! Look at those wonderful colors!” He shouted in amazement. Hailey told him in tears, “Dad, I’m glad you can now finally enjoy the true beauty of rainbows and roses. Red represents love and green represents health. You deserve both.” Camila nodded, seeing how happy (b) her gift of the glasses had made their dad.
“Happy birthday! You’re fifty today, Dad. We love you!” Camila said before (c) her sister handed him a small parcel. When he opened it, he discovered a pair of glasses inside. “Hailey, Dad doesn’t have eyesight problems,” Camila said, puzzled. “Actually Camila, I recently found out he has long been suffering from color blindness. He’s kept it a secret so as not to worry us,” Hailey explained.
“I bet (d) you bought a wallet or a watch for him,” Camila said. In reply, Hailey answered, “No. I bought something much more personal. By the way, there’s something (e) you should know about Dad…” They were suddenly interrupted by the doorbell ringing. It was their dad and they were overjoyed to see him. “My lovely ladies, thank you for inviting me to your place for my birthday.” He walked in joyfully, hugging his daughters. They all walked into the dining room, where he was greeted with a rainbow-colored birthday cake and fifty red roses.

문제 43

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은? ① (B) － (D) － (C) ② (C) － (B) － (D) ③ (C) － (D) － (B) ④ (D) － (B) － (C) ⑤ (D) － (C) － (B)

문제 44

밑줄 친 (a)～(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

문제 45

윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은? ① Hailey는 생일 케이크를 테이블로 무사히 옮겨 놓았다. ② 아버지는 생일 선물로 받은 안경을 직접 써 보았다. ③ Hailey는 아버지가 색맹이라는 사실을 최근에 알게 되었다. ④ Hailey와 Camila는 아버지의 집을 방문하였다. ⑤ 아버지는 자신의 나이와 똑같은 수의 장미를 받았다.

3.2.2 짝수형

코드

problems_even <- problems_tbl %>% 
  filter(문항 > 45)  %>% 
  mutate(문항 = 문항-45)

for( i in 1:nrow(problems_odd)) {
  
  print(glue::glue("### 문제 {trimws(problems_even$문항[i], which='right')}", "{{.unnumbered}}", "\n"))

  print(glue::glue("{problems_even$문제[i]} \n\n\n"))
  
}

문제 1

다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① 도서관의 변경된 운영 시간을 안내하려고 ② 독후감 쓰기 대회의 일정을 공지하려고 ③ 책갈피 디자인 대회 참가를 독려하려고 ④ 기한 내 도서 반납을 촉구하려고 ⑤ 전자책 이용 방법을 설명하려고

문제 2

대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① 사과를 먹으면 장운동이 원활해진다. ② 사과 껍질은 피부 상태 개선에 도움이 된다. ③ 충분한 수면은 건강한 피부 유지에 필수적이다. ④ 사과를 먹기 전에 껍질을 깨끗이 씻어야 한다. ⑤ 주기적인 수분 섭취는 피부 노화를 늦춘다.

문제 3

대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오. ① 평론가 － 영화감독 ② 심판 － 수영 선수 ③ 작가 － 수영 코치 ④ 서점 주인 － 유치원 교사 ⑤ 잡지사 편집장 － 광고주

문제 4

대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

문제 5

대화를 듣고, 남자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① 음식 재료 주문하기 ② 와인 잔 포장하기 ③ 추가 메뉴 선정하기 ④ 초대 문자 메시지 보내기 ⑤ 노래 목록 확인하기

문제 6

대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. ① $55 ② $63 ③ $70 ④ $81 ⑤ $90

문제 7

대화를 듣고, 남자가 K-Trend Festival에 갈 수 없는 이유를 고르시오. ① 동생을 공항에 데려다줘야 해서 ② 유학 설명회에 참석해야 해서 ③ 경제학 시험공부를 해야 해서 ④ 태권도 시합에 출전해야 해서 ⑤ 영화관에서 일해야 해서

문제 8

대화를 듣고, 졸업 사진 촬영에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오. ① 날짜 ② 장소 ③ 복장 ④ 참여 학생 수 ⑤ 소요 시간

문제 9

Greenville Houseplant Expo에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오. ① 3일 동안 진행될 것이다. ② 식물 관리 방법에 관한 강의가 매일 있을 것이다. ③ 희귀종을 포함한 다양한 식물을 구입할 수 있다. ④ 티켓 구입은 온라인으로만 가능하다. ⑤ 에메랄드 컨벤션 센터에서 열릴 것이다.

문제 10

다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 여자가 구매할 첼로 케이스를 고르시오. Hard Cello Cases Model Price Interior Material Length (inches) Wheels ① A $140 Nylon 51 ☓ ② B $160 Cotton 49 ◯ ③ C $175 Velvet 53 ☓ ④ D $190 Cotton 52 ◯ ⑤ E $215 Cotton 55 ☓

문제 11

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① Never mind. I’m selling my old helmet. ② All right. I’ll buy a bigger one that fits you. ③ No way. You should not ride a bicycle at night. ④ Great. I think it matches your bicycle perfectly. ⑤ No. We don’t have to worry about the tight schedule.

문제 12

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. ① Awesome! Good luck with your new career. ② Why not? He can join the firm as a freelancer. ③ Too bad. The career fair doesn’t suit my purpose. ④ Don’t worry. There’s no admission fee for the fair. ⑤ Okay. Let’s go and look at his career options together. 2023학년도 대학수학능력시험 문제지 1 제 3 교시 짝수형 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 13

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] Woman: ① I don’t think so. Always use an Italian-to-Italian dictionary. ② Exactly. That way you can use the proper words in context. ③ That’s right. I’m glad you’ve studied the proper examples. ④ Yes. Try to memorize words by learning the root words. ⑤ Not really. It’s better to speak in simple sentences.

문제 14

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] Man: ① Remember not to set up your tent near a river. ② Then I’ll ask him to come with me on this trip. ③ I gladly accept his invitation to the fishing camp. ④ The problem is that I already put out the campfire. ⑤ I had the photos from our trip printed out yesterday.

문제 15

다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Katie가 Jacob에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점] Katie: ① How about preparing multiple activities for your next visit? ② You need to gain more practical knowledge about nursing. ③ Why don’t you reuse the activity you prepared last time? ④ You’d better speak to the residents of the neighborhood. ⑤ You should check how many nursing homes there are. [16～17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

문제 16

여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? ① why metals were used in the fashion industry ② how techniques applied to metals improved ③ how metals advanced human civilization ④ where most precious metals originated from ⑤ why ancient civilizations competed for metals

문제 17

언급된 금속이 아닌 것은? ① gold ② silver ③ iron ④ aluminum ⑤ nickel

문제 18

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? To whom it may concern, My name is Michael Brown. I have been a bird-watcher since childhood. I have always enjoyed watching birds in my yard and identifying them by sight and sound. Yesterday, I happened to read an article about your club. I was surprised and excited to find out about a community of passionate bird-watchers who travel annually to go birding. I would love to join your club, but your website appears to be under construction. I could not find any information except for this contact email address. I would like to know how to sign up for the club. I look forward to your reply. Sincerely, Michael Brown ① 조류 관찰 협회의 새로운 규정을 확인하려고 ② 조류 관찰 시 주의해야 할 사항을 전달하려고 ③ 조류 관찰 클럽에 가입하는 방법을 문의하려고 ④ 조류 관찰과 관련된 웹 사이트를 소개하려고 ⑤ 조류 관찰 시 필요한 장비를 알아보려고

문제 19

다음 글에 드러난 Jamie의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은? Putting all of her energy into her last steps of the running race, Jamie crossed the finish line. To her disappointment, she had failed to beat her personal best time, again. Jamie had pushed herself for months to finally break her record, but it was all for nothing. Recognizing how she felt about her failure, Ken, her teammate, approached her and said, “Jamie, even though you didn’t set a personal best time today, your performances have improved dramatically. Your running skills have progressed so much! You’ll definitely break your personal best time in the next race!” After hearing his comments, she felt confident about herself. Jamie, now motivated to keep pushing for her goal, replied with a smile. “You’re right! Next race, I’ll beat my best time for sure!” ① indifferent → regretful ② pleased → bored ③ frustrated → encouraged ④ nervous → fearful ⑤ calm → excited

문제 20

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? At every step in our journey through life we encounter junctions with many different pathways leading into the distance. Each choice involves uncertainty about which path will get you to your destination. Trusting our intuition to make the choice often ends up with us making a suboptimal choice. Turning the uncertainty into numbers has proved a potent way of analyzing the paths and finding the shortcut to your destination. The mathematical theory of probability hasn’t eliminated risk, but it allows us to manage that risk more effectively. The strategy is to analyze all the possible scenarios that the future holds and then to see what proportion of them lead to success or failure. This gives you a much better map of the future on which to base your decisions about which path to choose.

junction: 분기점 ** suboptimal: 차선의 ① 더 나은 선택을 위해 성공 가능성을 확률적으로 분석해야 한다. ② 중요한 결정을 내릴 때에는 자신의 직관에 따라 판단해야 한다. ③ 성공적인 삶을 위해 미래에 대한 구체적인 계획을 세워야 한다. ④ 빠른 목표 달성을 위해 지름길로 가고자 할 때 신중해야 한다. ⑤ 인생의 여정에서 선택에 따른 결과를 스스로 책임져야 한다. 이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다. 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 21

밑줄 친 make oneself public to oneself 가 다음 글에서 의미 하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] Coming of age in the 18th and 19th centuries, the personal diary became a centerpiece in the construction of a modern subjectivity, at the heart of which is the application of reason and critique to the understanding of world and self, which allowed the creation of a new kind of knowledge. Diaries were central media through which enlightened and free subjects could be constructed. They provided a space where one could write daily about her whereabouts, feelings, and thoughts. Over time and with rereading, disparate entries, events, and happenstances could be rendered into insights and narratives about the self, and allowed for the formation of subjectivity. It is in that context that the idea of “the self [as] both made and explored with words” emerges. Diaries were personal and private; one would write for oneself, or, in Habermas’s formulation, one would make oneself public to oneself. By making the self public in a private sphere, the self also became an object for self-inspection and self-critique.

disparate: 이질적인 ** render: 만들다 ① use writing as a means of reflecting on oneself ② build one’s identity by reading others’ diaries ③ exchange feedback in the process of writing ④ create an alternate ego to present to others ⑤ develop topics for writing about selfhood

문제 22

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? Urban delivery vehicles can be adapted to better suit the density of urban distribution, which often involves smaller vehicles such as vans, including bicycles. The latter have the potential to become a preferred ‘last-mile’ vehicle, particularly in high-density and congested areas. In locations where bicycle use is high, such as the Netherlands, delivery bicycles are also used to carry personal cargo (e.g. groceries). Due to their low acquisition and maintenance costs, cargo bicycles convey much potential in developed and developing countries alike, such as the becak (a three-wheeled bicycle) in Indonesia. Services using electrically assisted delivery tricycles have been successfully implemented in France and are gradually being adopted across Europe for services as varied as parcel and catering deliveries. Using bicycles as cargo vehicles is particularly encouraged when combined with policies that restrict motor vehicle access to specific areas of a city, such as downtown or commercial districts, or with the extension of dedicated bike lanes. ① 세계 각국에서는 전기 자전거 사용을 장려하는 정책을 추진하고 있다. ② 수요자의 요구에 부합하는 다양한 용도의 자전거가 개발되고 있다. ③ 자전거는 배송 수단으로의 경제적 장단점을 모두 가질 수 있다. ④ 자전거는 출퇴근 시간을 줄이기 위한 대안으로 선호되고 있다. ⑤ 도시에서 자전거는 효율적인 배송 수단으로 사용될 수 있다.

문제 23

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] An important advantage of disclosure, as opposed to more aggressive forms of regulation, is its flexibility and respect for the operation of free markets. Regulatory mandates are blunt swords; they tend to neglect diversity and may have serious unintended adverse effects. For example, energy efficiency requirements for appliances may produce goods that work less well or that have characteristics that consumers do not want. Information provision, by contrast, respects freedom of choice. If automobile manufacturers are required to measure and publicize the safety characteristics of cars, potential car purchasers can trade safety concerns against other attributes, such as price and styling. If restaurant customers are informed of the calories in their meals, those who want to lose weight can make use of the information, leaving those who are unconcerned about calories unaffected. Disclosure does not interfere with, and should even promote, the autonomy (and quality) of individual decision-making.

mandate: 명령 ** adverse: 거스르는 *** autonomy: 자율성 ① effects of diversified markets on reasonable customer choices ② necessities of identifying and analyzing current industry trends ③ strategies for companies to increase profits in a free market ④ benefits of publicizing information to ensure free choices ⑤ steps to make public information accessible to customers

문제 24

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? Different parts of the brain’s visual system get information on a need-to-know basis. Cells that help your hand muscles reach out to an object need to know the size and location of the object, but they don’t need to know about color. They need to know a little about shape, but not in great detail. Cells that help you recognize people’s faces need to be extremely sensitive to details of shape, but they can pay less attention to location. It is natural to assume that anyone who sees an object sees everything about it ― the shape, color, location, and movement. However, one part of your brain sees its shape, another sees color, another detects location, and another perceives movement. Consequently, after localized brain damage, it is possible to see certain aspects of an object and not others. Centuries ago, people found it difficult to imagine how someone could see an object without seeing what color it is. Even today, you might find it surprising to learn about people who see an object without seeing where it is, or see it without seeing whether it is moving. ① Separate and Independent: Brain Cells’ Visual Perceptions ② Why Brain Cells Exemplify Nature’s Recovery Process ③ Blind Spots: What Is Still Unknown About the Brain ④ Secret Missions of Color-Sensitive Brain Cells ⑤ Visual Systems Never Betray Our Trust! 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 25

다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? The above graph shows the percentages of Americans’ preferred type of place to live by age group, based on a 2020 survey. ① In each of the three age groups, Town/Rural Area was the most preferred type of place to live. ② In the 18-34 year-olds group, the percentage of those who preferred Big/Small City was higher than that of those who preferred Suburb of Big/Small City. ③ In the 35-54 year-olds group, the percentage of those who preferred Suburb of Big/Small City exceeded that of those who preferred Big/Small City. ④ In the 55 year-olds and older group, the percentage of those who chose Big/Small City among the three preferred types of place to live was the lowest. ⑤ Each percentage of the three preferred types of place to live was higher than 20% across the three age groups.

문제 26

Niklas Luhmann에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? Niklas Luhmann, a renowned sociologist of the twentieth century, was born in Lüneburg, Germany in 1927. After World War II, he studied law at the University of Freiburg until 1949. Early in his career, he worked for the State of Lower Saxony, where he was in charge of educational reform. In 1960—1961, Luhmann had the chance to study sociology at Harvard University, where he was influenced by Talcott Parsons, one of the most famous social system theorists. Later, Luhmann developed his own social system theory. In 1968, he became a professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld. He researched a variety of subjects, including mass media and law. Although his books are known to be difficult to translate, they have in fact been widely translated into other languages. ① 제2차 세계 대전 이후에 법을 공부했다. ② State of Lower Saxony에서 교육 개혁을 담당했다. ③ Harvard University에 있을 때 Talcott Parsons의 영향을 받았다. ④ 다양한 주제에 관해 연구했다. ⑤ 그의 책은 번역하기가 쉽다고 알려져 있다.

문제 27

다음 Renovation Notice의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? ① 보수 공사는 2022년 11월 21일에 시작된다. ② 보수 공사는 주말에만 진행될 것이다. ③ 체육관과 실내 수영장은 폐쇄될 것이다. ④ 모든 야외 레저 활동은 평소와 같이 가능할 것이다. ⑤ 손님은 무료로 테니스장을 이용할 수 있다.

문제 28

2022 Valestown Recycles Poster Contest에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은? ① Valestown의 모든 학생들이 참여할 수 있다. ② 참가자는 포스터의 주제 선정에 제약을 받지 않는다. ③ 출품할 파일 양식은 자유롭게 선택 가능하다. ④ 심사 기준에 창의성이 포함된다. ⑤ 1인당 출품할 수 있는 포스터의 수에는 제한이 없다. Renovation Notice At the Natural Jade Resort, we are continually improving our facilities to better serve our guests. Therefore, we will be renovating some areas of the resort, according to the schedule below. Renovation Period: November 21 to December 18, 2022 ∙Renovations will take place every day from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Areas to be Closed: Gym and indoor swimming pool Further Information ∙All outdoor leisure activities will be available as usual. ∙Guests will receive a 15% discount for all meals in the restaurant. ∙Guests may use the tennis courts for free. We will take all possible measures to minimize noise and any other inconvenience. We sincerely appreciate your understanding. 2022 Valestown Recycles Poster Contest Join this year’s Valestown Recycles Poster Contest and show off your artistic talent! Guidelines 󰠂 Participation is only for high school students in Valestown. 󰠂 Participants should use the theme of “Recycling for the Future.” Submission Format 󰠂 File type: PDF only 󰠂 Maximum file size: 40MB Judging Criteria 󰠂 Use of theme 󰠂 Creativity 󰠂 Artistic skill Details 󰠂 Submissions are limited to one poster per person. 󰠂 Submissions should be uploaded to the website by 6 p.m., December 19. 󰠂 Winners will be announced on the website on December 28. For more information, please visit www.vtco.org. 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 29

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? Trends constantly suggest new opportunities for individuals to restage themselves, representing occasions for change. To understand how trends can ultimately give individuals power and freedom, one must first discuss fashion’s importance as a basis for change. The most common explanation offered by my informants as to why fashion is so appealing is ① that it constitutes a kind of theatrical costumery. Clothes are part of how people present ② them to the world, and fashion locates them in the present, relative to what is happening in society and to fashion’s own history. As a form of expression, fashion contains a host of ambiguities, enabling individuals to recreate the meanings ③ associated with specific pieces of clothing. Fashion is among the simplest and cheapest methods of self-expression: clothes can be ④ inexpensively purchased while making it easy to convey notions of wealth, intellectual stature, relaxation or environmental consciousness, even if none of these is true. Fashion can also strengthen agency in various ways, ⑤ opening up space for action.

stature: 능력

문제 30

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점] Everywhere we turn we hear about almighty “cyberspace”! The hype promises that we will leave our boring lives, put on goggles and body suits, and enter some metallic, three-dimensional, multimedia otherworld. When the Industrial Revolution arrived with its great innovation, the motor, we didn’t leave our world to go to some ① remote motorspace! On the contrary, we brought the motors into our lives, as automobiles, refrigerators, drill presses, and pencil sharpeners. This ② absorption has been so complete that we refer to all these tools with names that declare their usage, not their “motorness.” These innovations led to a major socioeconomic movement precisely because they entered and ③ affected profoundly our everyday lives. People have not changed fundamentally in thousands of years. Technology changes constantly. It’s the one that must ④ adapt to us. That’s exactly what will happen with information technology and its devices under human-centric computing. The longer we continue to believe that computers will take us to a magical new world, the longer we will ⑤ maintain their natural fusion with our lives, the hallmark of every major movement that aspires to be called a socioeconomic revolution.

hype: 과대광고 ** hallmark: 특징 [31～34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

문제 31

There is something deeply paradoxical about the professional status of sports journalism, especially in the medium of print. In discharging their usual responsibilities of description and commentary, reporters’ accounts of sports events are eagerly consulted by sports fans, while in their broader journalistic role of covering sport in its many forms, sports journalists are among the most visible of all contemporary writers. The ruminations of the elite class of ‘celebrity’ sports journalists are much sought after by the major newspapers, their lucrative contracts being the envy of colleagues in other ‘disciplines’ of journalism. Yet sports journalists do not have a standing in their profession that corresponds to the size of their readerships or of their pay packets, with the old saying (now reaching the status of cliché) that sport is the ‘toy department of the news media’ still readily to hand as a dismissal of the worth of what sports journalists do. This reluctance to take sports journalism seriously produces the paradoxical outcome that sports newspaper writers are much read but little .

discharge: 이행하다 ** rumination: 생각 *** lucrative: 돈을 많이 버는 ① admired ② paid ③ discussed ④ censored ⑤ challenged

문제 32

People have always wanted to be around other people and to learn from them. Cities have long been dynamos of social possibility, foundries of art, music, and fashion. Slang, or, if you prefer, “lexical innovation,” has always started in cities ― an outgrowth of all those different people so frequently exposed to one another. It spreads outward, in a manner not unlike trans- missible disease, which itself typically “takes off” in cities. If, as the noted linguist Leonard Bloomfield argued, the way a person talks is a “composite result of what he has heard before,” then language innovation would happen where the most people heard and talked to the most other people. Cities drive taste change because they , who not surprisingly are often the creative people cities seem to attract. Media, ever more global, ever more far-reaching, spread language faster to more people.

foundry: 주물 공장 ** lexical: 어휘의 ① reduce the social mobility of ambitious outsiders ② present ideal research environments to linguists ③ cause cultural conflicts among users of slang ④ offer the greatest exposure to other people ⑤ provide rich source materials for artists 이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.

문제 33

The entrance to a honeybee colony, often referred to as the dancefloor, is a market place for information about the state of the colony and the environment outside the hive. Studying interactions on the dancefloor provides us with a number of illustrative examples of how individuals changing their own behavior in response to local information . For example, upon returning to their hive honeybees that have collected water search out a receiver bee to unload their water to within the hive. If this search time is short then the returning bee is more likely to perform a waggle dance to recruit others to the water source. Conversely, if this search time is long then the bee is more likely to give up collecting water. Since receiver bees will only accept water if they require it, either for themselves or to pass on to other bees and brood, this unloading time is correlated with the colony’s overall need of water. Thus the individual water forager’s response to unloading time (up or down) regulates water collection in response to the colony’s need. [3점]

brood: 애벌레 ** forager: 조달자 ① allow the colony to regulate its workforce ② search for water sources by measuring distance ③ decrease the colony’s workload when necessary ④ divide tasks according to their respective talents ⑤ train workers to acquire basic communication patterns

문제 34

We understand that the segregation of our consciousness into present, past, and future is both a fiction and an oddly self-referential framework; your present was part of your mother’s future, and your children’s past will be in part your present. Nothing is generally wrong with structuring our consciousness of time in this conventional manner, and it often works well enough. In the case of climate change, however, the sharp division of time into past, present, and future has been desperately misleading and has, most importantly, hidden from view the extent of the responsibility of those of us alive now. The narrowing of our consciousness of time smooths the way to divorcing ourselves from responsibility for developments in the past and the future with which our lives are in fact deeply intertwined. In the climate case, it is not that . It is that the realities are obscured from view by the partitioning of time, and so questions of responsibility toward the past and future do not arise naturally. [3점]

segregation: 분리 ** intertwine: 뒤얽히게 하다 *** obscure: 흐릿하게 하다 ① all our efforts prove to be effective and are thus encouraged ② sufficient scientific evidence has been provided to us ③ future concerns are more urgent than present needs ④ our ancestors maintained a different frame of time ⑤ we face the facts but then deny our responsibility

문제 35

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? Actors, singers, politicians and countless others recognise the power of the human voice as a means of communication beyond the simple decoding of the words that are used. Learning to control your voice and use it for different purposes is, therefore, one of the most important skills to develop as an early career teacher. ① The more confidently you give instructions, the higher the chance of a positive class response. ② There are times when being able to project your voice loudly will be very useful when working in school, and knowing that you can cut through a noisy classroom, dinner hall or playground is a great skill to have. ③ In order to address serious noise issues in school, students, parents and teachers should search for a solution together. ④ However, I would always advise that you use your loudest voice incredibly sparingly and avoid shouting as much as possible. ⑤ A quiet, authoritative and measured tone has so much more impact than slightly panicked shouting. [36～37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

문제 36

A fascinating species of water flea exhibits a kind of flexibility that evolutionary biologists call adaptive plasticity.

That’s a clever trick, because producing spines and a helmet is costly, in terms of energy, and conserving energy is essential for an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce. The water flea only expends the energy needed to produce spines and a helmet when it needs to.
If the baby water flea is developing into an adult in water that includes the chemical signatures of creatures that prey on water fleas, it develops a helmet and spines to defend itself against predators. If the water around it doesn’t include the chemical signatures of predators, the water flea doesn’t develop these protective devices.
So it may well be that this plasticity is an adaptation: a trait that came to exist in a species because it contributed to reproductive fitness. There are many cases, across many species, of adaptive plasticity. Plasticity is conducive to fitness if there is sufficient variation in the environment.

문제 37

The most commonly known form of results-based pricing is a practice called contingency pricing, used by lawyers.

Therefore, only an outcome in the client’s favor is compensated. From the client’s point of view, the pricing makes sense in part because most clients in these cases are unfamiliar with and possibly intimidated by law firms. Their biggest fears are high fees for a case that may take years to settle.
By using contingency pricing, clients are ensured that they pay no fees until they receive a settlement. In these and other instances of contingency pricing, the economic value of the service is hard to determine before the service, and providers develop a price that allows them to share the risks and rewards of delivering value to the buyer.
Contingency pricing is the major way that personal injury and certain consumer cases are billed. In this approach, lawyers do not receive fees or payment until the case is settled, when they are paid a percentage of the money that the client receives. [3점]

intimidate: 위협하다 ① (A) － (C) － (B) ② (B) － (A) － (C) ③ (B) － (C) － (A) ④ (C) － (A) － (B) ⑤ (C) － (B) － (A) [38～39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

문제 38

There’s a reason for that: traditionally, park designers attempted to create such a feeling by planting tall trees at park boundaries, building stone walls, and constructing other means of partition. Parks take the shape demanded by the cultural concerns of their time. Once parks are in place, they are no inert stage ― their purposes and meanings are made and remade by planners and by park users. Moments of park creation are particularly telling, however, for they reveal and actualize ideas about nature and its relationship to urban society. ( ① ) Indeed, what distinguishes a park from the broader category of public space is the representation of nature that parks are meant to embody. ( ② ) Public spaces include parks, concrete plazas, sidewalks, even indoor atriums. ( ③ ) Parks typically have trees, grass, and other plants as their central features. ( ④ ) When entering a city park, people often imagine a sharp separation from streets, cars, and buildings. ( ⑤ ) What’s behind this idea is not only landscape architects’ desire to design aesthetically suggestive park spaces, but a much longer history of Western thought that envisions cities and nature as antithetical spaces and oppositional forces.

aesthetically: 미적으로 ** antithetical: 대조적인

문제 39

It may be easier to reach an agreement when settlement terms don’t have to be implemented until months in the future. Negotiators should try to find ways to slice a large issue into smaller pieces, known as using salami tactics. ( ① ) Issues that can be expressed in quantitative, measurable units are easy to slice. ( ② ) For example, compensation demands can be divided into cents-per-hour increments or lease rates can be quoted as dollars per square foot. ( ③ ) When working to fractionate issues of principle or precedent, parties may use the time horizon (when the principle goes into effect or how long it will last) as a way to fractionate the issue. ( ④ ) Another approach is to vary the number of ways that the principle may be applied. ( ⑤ ) For example, a company may devise a family emergency leave plan that allows employees the opportunity to be away from the company for a period of no longer than three hours, and no more than once a month, for illness in the employee’s immediate family. [3점]

increment: 증가 ** fractionate: 세분하다

문제 40

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? “Craftsmanship” may suggest a way of life that declined with the arrival of industrial society ― but this is misleading. Craftsmanship names an enduring, basic human impulse, the desire to do a job well for its own sake. Craftsmanship cuts a far wider swath than skilled manual labor; it serves the computer programmer, the doctor, and the artist; parenting improves when it is practiced as a skilled craft, as does citizenship. In all these domains, craftsmanship focuses on objective standards, on the thing in itself. Social and economic conditions, however, often stand in the way of the craftsman’s discipline and commitment: schools may fail to provide the tools to do good work, and workplaces may not truly value the aspiration for quality. And though craftsmanship can reward an individual with a sense of pride in work, this reward is not simple. The craftsman often faces conflicting objective standards of excellence; the desire to do something well for its own sake can be weakened by competitive pressure, by frustration, or by obsession.

swath: 구획 󰀻 Craftsmanship, a human desire that has

over time in diverse contexts, often encounters factors that
its full development.

문제 41

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? ① The Power of Simple Formulas in Decision Making ② Always Prioritise: Tips for Managing Big Data ③ Algorithms’ Mistakes: The Myth of Simplicity ④ Be Prepared! Make a Checklist Just in Case ⑤ How Human Judgement Beats Algorithms

문제 42

밑줄 친 (a)～(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e) [43～45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

“Hailey, be careful!” Camila yelled uneasily, watching her sister carrying a huge cake to the table. “Don’t worry, Camila,” Hailey responded, smiling. Camila relaxed only when Hailey had safely placed the cake on the party table. “Dad will be here shortly. What gift did (a) you buy for his birthday?” Camila asked out of interest. “Dad will be surprised to find out what it is!” Hailey answered with a wink.
“Dad, these glasses can help correct your red-green color blindness,” said Hailey. He slowly put them on, and stared at the birthday presents on the table. Seeing vivid red and green colors for the first time ever, he started to cry. “Incredible! Look at those wonderful colors!” He shouted in amazement. Hailey told him in tears, “Dad, I’m glad you can now finally enjoy the true beauty of rainbows and roses. Red represents love and green represents health. You deserve both.” Camila nodded, seeing how happy (b) her gift of the glasses had made their dad.
“Happy birthday! You’re fifty today, Dad. We love you!” Camila said before (c) her sister handed him a small parcel. When he opened it, he discovered a pair of glasses inside. “Hailey, Dad doesn’t have eyesight problems,” Camila said, puzzled. “Actually Camila, I recently found out he has long been suffering from color blindness. He’s kept it a secret so as not to worry us,” Hailey explained.
“I bet (d) you bought a wallet or a watch for him,” Camila said. In reply, Hailey answered, “No. I bought something much more personal. By the way, there’s something (e) you should know about Dad…” They were suddenly interrupted by the doorbell ringing. It was their dad and they were overjoyed to see him. “My lovely ladies, thank you for inviting me to your place for my birthday.” He walked in joyfully, hugging his daughters. They all walked into the dining room, where he was greeted with a rainbow-colored birthday cake and fifty red roses.

문제 43

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은? ① (B) － (D) － (C) ② (C) － (B) － (D) ③ (C) － (D) － (B) ④ (D) － (B) － (C) ⑤ (D) － (C) － (B)

문제 44

밑줄 친 (a)～(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

문제 45

윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은? ① Hailey는 생일 케이크를 테이블로 무사히 옮겨 놓았다. ② 아버지는 생일 선물로 받은 안경을 직접 써 보았다. ③ Hailey는 아버지가 색맹이라는 사실을 최근에 알게 되었다. ④ Hailey와 Camila는 아버지의 집을 방문하였다. ⑤ 아버지는 자신의 나이와 똑같은 수의 장미를 받았다.

3.3 정답

코드

import pandas as pd
import tabula
answer_file = "data/2023_3교시_영어영역_정답표.pdf"
answer = tabula.read_pdf(answer_file, pages='all')
## Got stderr: 8월 10, 2023 3:17:26 오후 org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType0Font toUnicode
## 경고: No Unicode mapping for CID+24813 (24813) in font *ÇÑ¾ç½Å¸íÁ¶-Identity-H
## 8월 10, 2023 3:17:26 오후 org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType0Font toUnicode
## 경고: No Unicode mapping for CID+29678 (29678) in font *ÇÑ¾ç½Å¸íÁ¶-Identity-H
## 8월 10, 2023 3:17:26 오후 org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType0Font toUnicode
## 경고: No Unicode mapping for CID+30205 (30205) in font *ÇÑ¾ç½Å¸íÁ¶-Identity-H
## 8월 10, 2023 3:17:26 오후 org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType0Font toUnicode
## 경고: No Unicode mapping for CID+24813 (24813) in font *ÇÑ¾ç½Å¸íÁ¶-Identity-H
## 8월 10, 2023 3:17:26 오후 org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType0Font toUnicode
## 경고: No Unicode mapping for CID+29678 (29678) in font *ÇÑ¾ç½Å¸íÁ¶-Identity-H
## 8월 10, 2023 3:17:26 오후 org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDType0Font toUnicode
## 경고: No Unicode mapping for CID+30205 (30205) in font *ÇÑ¾ç½Å¸íÁ¶-Identity-H

3.3.1 홀수형

코드

odd_1 <- py$answer[[1]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(1:3) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

odd_2 <- py$answer[[1]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(4:6) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

odd_3 <- py$answer[[1]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(7:9) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

odd_4 <- py$answer[[1]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(10:12) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

odd_tbl <- bind_rows(odd_1, odd_2) %>% 
  bind_rows(odd_3) %>% 
  bind_rows(odd_4) %>% 
  filter(!is.nan(정답))

odd_tbl %>% 
  gt::gt() %>% 
  cols_align("center") %>% 
  gtExtras::gt_theme_538()

문항번호	정답	배점
1	3	2
2	2	2
3	3	2
4	4	2
5	2	2
6	3	2
7	5	2
8	3	2
9	2	2
10	1	2
11	2	2
12	1	2
13	4	3
14	4	3
15	3	3
16	1	2
17	5	2
18	1	2
19	3	2
20	3	2
21	1	3
22	1	2
23	2	3
24	5	2
25	4	2
26	5	2
27	2	2
28	4	2
29	2	2
30	5	3
31	2	2
32	2	2
33	1	3
34	5	3
35	3	2
36	2	2
37	4	3
38	5	2
39	4	3
40	1	2
41	1	2
42	4	2
43	5	2
44	5	2
45	4	2

3.3.2 짝수형

코드

even_1 <- py$answer[[2]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(1:3) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

even_2 <- py$answer[[2]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(4:6) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

even_3 <- py$answer[[2]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(7:9) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

even_4 <- py$answer[[2]] %>% 
  janitor::clean_names(ascii = FALSE) %>% 
  select(10:12) %>% 
  set_names(c("문항번호", "정답", "배점"))

even_tbl <- bind_rows(even_1, even_2) %>% 
  bind_rows(even_3) %>% 
  bind_rows(even_4) %>% 
  filter(!is.nan(정답))

even_tbl %>% 
  gt::gt() %>% 
  cols_align("center") %>% 
  gtExtras::gt_theme_538()

문항번호	정답	배점
1	3	2
2	2	2
3	3	2
4	4	2
5	2	2
6	3	2
7	1	2
8	3	2
9	2	2
10	1	2
11	2	2
12	5	2
13	2	3
14	2	3
15	1	3
16	3	2
17	5	2
18	3	2
19	3	2
20	1	2
21	1	3
22	5	2
23	4	3
24	1	2
25	4	2
26	5	2
27	2	2
28	4	2
29	2	2
30	5	3
31	1	2
32	4	2
33	1	3
34	5	3
35	3	2
36	2	2
37	4	3
38	5	2
39	4	3
40	2	2
41	1	2
42	4	2
43	5	2
44	5	2
45	4	2